Guntur Sannam
Cultivar · 334 Sannam, Andhra Red, Capsicum annuum var. longum, Goat's Horn Pepper, Guntur Chilli, Guntur Red, Guntūru mirapakāyalu, S4, Sannam, Sannam Chilli
Guntur Sannam is a highly prized commercial chilli from Andhra Pradesh, India, holding Geographical Indication status. Known for its deep red colour and moderate heat, it is one of India's most important export varieties, valued for its high colour value and consistent pungency. The chilli is predominantly grown in the Guntur, Prakasam, Warangal, and Khammam districts.
History & lineage
Guntur Sannam is one of India's most important commercial chilli varieties, named for the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh where the variety has been the foundation of regional commercial cultivation for over a century. The variety holds Geographical Indication status under Indian protection law, recognising the embedded role of Guntur-region cultivation in producing the variety's distinctive characteristics.
Andhra Pradesh produces approximately 30% of India's commercial chilli output, with the broader Guntur-Prakasam-Warangal-Khammam belt forming one of the world's major commercial chilli-growing regions. Guntur Sannam is the foundational cultivar of this commercial production, prized for high yields, deep red colour upon drying, consistent moderate heat, and strong export performance. India is the world's largest exporter of dried chillies, and Guntur Sannam dominates this export trade.
The specific commercial designation "334 Sannam" refers to a particular stabilised cultivar identified through Indian Council of Agricultural Research breeding work, building on the broader Sannam landrace that has been grown in Andhra Pradesh for centuries. The "334" designation reflects the formal cultivar identification number assigned through Indian agricultural research - similar to how Western cultivars receive specific commercial names and identification codes.
In Indian cooking, Guntur Sannam features extensively in regional Andhra cuisine, which is famous for its assertive heat compared to milder regional Indian cooking traditions. The variety appears in Andhra-style chilli powders, in pickle preparations, and as the foundational chilli for many spicy dishes. Beyond Andhra, Guntur Sannam is the dominant red chilli powder ingredient across India - much of the generic "lal mirch" sold across Indian grocers globally is essentially ground Guntur Sannam, even when the labelling does not specify the cultivar source. UK Indian grocers reliably stock Guntur Sannam dried chillies and chilli powder for traditional cooking applications.
Culinary uses
Primarily used in Indian curry powders, chili powders, and spice blends. Excellent for making red chili powder (deggi mirch), in curry bases, and as a coloring and flavoring agent in commercial food processing. Widely used in South Indian cuisine.
